Dr Armenian on Improving Outcomes and Reducing AEs in Pediatric Oncology

Saro H. Armenian, DO, MPH, Barron Hilton Chair, Pediatrics, chair, professor, Department of Pediatrics, director, professor, Division of Outcomes Research/Intervention, Department of Population Sciences, director, Center for Survivorship and Outcomes, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, co-leader, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, director, Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Survivorship Program, City of Hope, discusses recent updates in the field of childhood cancer that have proved fruitful in reducing long-term adverse effects (AEs) for pediatric patients.

The field of pediatric oncology has seen remarkable advancements over the past 2 to 3 decades, making it an exciting time for improving outcomes and reducing long-term AEs, Armenian begins. A major milestone in the 1970s and 1980s was the collaboration among institutions across the country to develop cooperative groups that worked together to find new therapeutic approaches for managing pediatric cancers, he highlights. Today, approximately85% of children diagnosed with cancer are cured, representing a monumental achievement in pediatric oncology, Armenian emphasizes.

However, the next big breakthrough has been the realization that not all pediatric cancers are the same, he continues. Researchers now recognize the importance of genetic markers within tumors, which allow for risk stratification and more tailored treatment plans based on individual patient profiles, Armenian explains. This personalized approach, based on tumor-specific genetic markers, has proven to be a game changer for various cancers, including brain tumors and kidney cancers, according to Armenian. In hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, these genetic markers have fundamentally shifted how treatment decisions are made and have led to the development of therapies that are less toxic than traditional options, he notes.

The introduction of immunotherapies has allowed clinicians to replace or reduce the use of certain conventional therapies, offering more targeted cancer treatments with fewer long-term AEs, Armenian expands. This precision medicine approach has been especially effective in some leukemias, where cure rates have increased from approximately 85% to over 95%, he says. These advances over the past decade represent a significant leap forward in pediatric oncology, providing children with a better chance at survival and a future with fewer long-term complications, Armenian concludes.

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Saro H. Armenian, DO, MPH, discusses treatment advancements that have helped reduce long-term adverse effects for patients in pediatric oncology.

Dr Armenian on Challenges With Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Cancer Care

Saro H. Armenian, DO, MPH, Barron Hilton Chair, Pediatrics, chair, professor, Department of Pediatrics, director, professor, Division of Outcomes Research/Intervention, Department of Population Sciences, director, Center for Survivorship and Outcomes, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, co-leader, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, director, Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Survivorship Program, City of Hope, discusses the difficulties that patients face when transitioning from pediatric to adult cancer care, highlighting unmet needs.

In hospitals focused primarily on pediatric oncology, most follow-up care, screening, and management of late-onset adverse effects (AEs) are conducted at a children’s hospital, Armenian begins. However, when patients reach the ages of 18 to 21 years, they need to transition to an adult health care facility, he explains. This transition can be challenging for patients, and establishing a proper bridge for this transition is crucial because it coincides with the period when these patients are at a heightened risk for developing late-onset AEs from their cancer treatment, such as secondary cancers, cardiovascular issues, and bone complications, Armenian emphasizes.

If this transition is not handled smoothly and comprehensively, many survivors fall through the cracks, leading to underdiagnosed and untreated health conditions in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, he continues. These patients often miss essential screenings and preventive care, according to Armenian, who explains that there are multiple reasons for this gap. One major issue is that childhood cancer survivors often lack a full understanding of their treatment history and the associated long-term risks, Armenian states. Therefore, it is vital to equip them with detailed information about their diagnosis, the treatments they received, the potential late-onset AEs, and the necessary screenings they should undergo, including the recommended frequency of these screenings, he elucidates.

Another challenge arises when these survivors do not transition to an adult facility familiar with their unique survivorship needs, Armenian emphasizes. As a result, they may end up in primary care settings where providers are not always equipped to manage the complex follow-up required for childhood cancer survivors, Armenian expands.

At the City of Hope Children’s Cancer Center, investigators have developed a program that eliminates the age-out process, allowing health care providers to care for patients from childhood into adulthood, he says. Investigators have created a sustainable platform that supports lifelong follow-up through collaborative partnerships, he says. More institutions are beginning to adopt this model, whenever feasible, to ensure continuous, comprehensive care for cancer survivors throughout their lives, Armenian concludes.

Saro H. Armenian, DO, MPH, discusses the difficulties that patients face when transitioning from pediatric to adult cancer care, highlighting unmet needs.

Saro H. Armenian, DO, MPH

Articles

Dr Armenian on Improving Outcomes and Reducing AEs in Pediatric Oncology

Dr Armenian on Challenges With Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Cancer Care